Math // Area

Ratio & Proportion

18 topics for ages 9 to 14, ordered by the age each one starts. Read from top to bottom to follow the progression.

Age coverage

Ages 9 to 14

  1. Starts at age 9 // 2 topics

    Starting at age 9

    • Bar Models for Ratios

      Represent ratio and proportion problems using bar models (rectangular strips divided into equal parts labelled with quantities) and tape diagrams (segmented…

      Ages 9 to 12Representation
    • Percentages (age 9+)

      Know and use the vocabulary of ratio and proportion — ratio, proportion, percentage, scale, equivalent, unequal, relative size, part-to-part, part-to-whole, and…

      Ages 9 to 11Language
  2. Starts at age 10 // 4 topics

    Starting at age 10

    Your child is learning to compare quantities and solve problems involving ratios, proportions, percentages, and scale — essential skills for understanding relationships between numbers in real-world contexts.

    • Calculating Percentages

      Solve problems involving the calculation of percentages of amounts (e.g. 15% of 360) and the use of percentages for comparison

      Ages 10 to 11Method
    • Scale and similar shapes

      Solve problems involving similar shapes where the scale factor is known or can be found

      Ages 10 to 11Method
    • Ratio Problems

      Solve problems involving the relative sizes of two quantities where missing values can be found by using integer multiplication and division facts

      Ages 10 to 11Method
    • Understanding fractions

      Solve problems involving unequal sharing and grouping using knowledge of fractions and multiples

      Ages 10 to 11Method
  3. Starts at age 11 // 9 topics

    Starting at age 11

    • Compound Units

      Use compound units such as speed (distance ÷ time), unit pricing (cost ÷ quantity), and density (mass ÷ volume); solve problems involving compound units

      Ages 11 to 14Method
    • Scale and similar shapes (age 11+)

      Use scale factors to interpret and create scale diagrams and maps, calculating real-life distances from map measurements and vice versa

      Ages 11 to 13Method
    • One Quantity as a Fraction

      Express one quantity as a fraction of another where the result may be less than 1 or greater than 1, and interpret the meaning in context

      Ages 11 to 12Concept
    • Percentages as Fractions

      Define percentage as 'number of parts per hundred'; interpret percentages and percentage changes as a fraction or a decimal; express one quantity as a…

      Ages 11 to 13Concept
    • Unit Conversions

      Convert freely between related standard units of measurement (time, length, area, volume/capacity, mass) using decimal notation to up to three decimal places…

      Ages 11 to 12Method
    • Ratio Notation

      Use ratio notation to describe the relationship between two or more quantities, simplify ratios to their simplest form, and convert between ratio and fraction…

      Ages 11 to 12Method
    • Dividing Quantities by Ratio

      Divide a given quantity into two parts in a given part:part or part:whole ratio, and express the division as a fraction of the whole

      Ages 11 to 13Method
    • Proportional Reasoning Vocabulary

      Know and use advanced vocabulary of multiplicative reasoning — direct proportion, inverse proportion, ratio, rate, unit rate, compound unit, scale factor…

      Ages 11 to 14Language
    • Proportion Graphs

      Represent proportional relationships using double number lines (two parallel number lines aligned at 0) and ratio tables; recognise that equivalent ratios…

      Ages 11 to 14Representation
  4. Starts at age 12 // 3 topics

    Starting at age 12

    • Proportion

      Recognise and solve problems involving direct proportion (as one quantity increases, the other increases at a constant rate) and inverse proportion (as one…

      Ages 12 to 14Concept
    • Ratio Notation and Relationships

      Understand that a multiplicative relationship between two quantities can be expressed as a ratio; use ratio notation; simplify ratios

      Ages 12 to 14Concept
    • Percentages (age 12+)

      Solve problems involving percentage increase, percentage decrease, finding the original value after a percentage change, and calculating simple interest

      Ages 12 to 14Method