Algebra

Use simple formulae expressed in words or symbols to calculate values (e.g. perimeter = 2 × (length + width))

Express missing number problems algebraically using letters for unknowns; translate word problems into equations

Generate two numerical patterns using two given rules; identify relationships between corresponding terms; form ordered pairs and graph them on a coordinate…

Find pairs of numbers that satisfy an equation with two unknowns (e.g. find pairs (a, b) where a + b = 10 or 2a + b = 15)

Enumerate possibilities of combinations of two variables systematically (e.g. all ways to choose from a set of options)

Generate and describe linear number sequences, including those with negative and decimal steps; identify the term-to-term rule

Understand inequalities as statements comparing expressions, represent solutions on a number line, and solve simple linear inequalities using the same…

Plot and read coordinates in all four quadrants of the Cartesian plane, using positive and negative x- and y-values to describe positions precisely

Use and interpret algebraic notation including: ab for a × b, 3y for y + y + y, a² for a × a, a/b for a ÷ b, coefficients as fractions, and brackets for…

Use algebraic methods to solve linear equations in one variable, including equations that require rearrangement, expanding brackets, and collecting terms on…

Simplify algebraic expressions by collecting like terms — combine terms with the same variable and power (e.g., 3a + 2b + 5a = 8a + 2b) while maintaining…

Expand (multiply out) a single term over a bracket using the distributive property, e.g., 3(2x + 5) = 6x + 15; expand expressions involving negative multipliers

Understand and use the concepts and vocabulary of expressions, equations, inequalities, terms, and factors; distinguish between an expression (no equals sign)…

Model situations or procedures by translating them into algebraic expressions or formulae and by using graphs; move between word problems, algebraic…

Substitute numerical values into formulae and expressions including scientific formulae; evaluate expressions by replacing variables with given values and…

Generate terms of a sequence from a term-to-term rule (e.g., 'add 3 each time') or a position-to-term rule (e.g., '2n + 1'), and identify whether a sequence is…

Recognise that a linear function produces a straight-line graph, understand the relationship between an equation of the form y = mx + c and its graphical…

Plot linear graphs by generating a table of values, reduce a two-variable linear equation to the form y = mx + c, and calculate gradients from two points on a…

Understand and use standard mathematical formulae; rearrange formulae to change the subject, performing inverse operations to isolate a different variable

Find the nth-term expression for an arithmetic sequence by identifying the common difference and the zero-term, and use it to determine any term in the sequence…

Factorise algebraic expressions by taking out common factors — identify the highest common factor of all terms and write the expression as a product, e.g., 6x +…

Use graphs of linear and quadratic functions to estimate output values for given inputs, find approximate solutions to equations, and interpret graphical…

Recognise that quadratic functions produce curved (parabolic) graphs, distinguish them from linear graphs, and use plotted quadratic graphs to estimate values…

Understand that two linear equations can be solved simultaneously by finding the point where their graphs intersect, and interpret this graphically and…

Expand products of two or more binomials, e.g., (x + 3)(x - 2) = x² + x - 6, using the grid method or FOIL; simplify the result by collecting like terms