Math // Area

Counting & Cardinality

14 topics for ages 4 to 9, ordered by the age each one starts. Read from top to bottom to follow the progression.

Age coverage

Ages 4 to 9

  1. Starts at age 4 // 5 topics

    Starting at age 4

    • One-to-one counting

      One-to-one correspondence when counting objects: each object is paired with exactly one number name

      Ages 4 to 6Concept
    • How Many in Total?

      Cardinality principle: the last number said when counting a set tells how many objects are in the set, regardless of arrangement or order counted

      Ages 4 to 6Concept
    • Comparing groups: more or fewer

      Compare two groups of objects to determine which has more, fewer, or whether they are equal, using matching and counting strategies

      Ages 4 to 6Concept
    • Representing numbers with objects

      Represent numbers using objects, pictorial representations, and the number line

      Ages 4 to 6Representation
    • One More Each Time

      Each successive counting number represents a quantity that is one larger than the previous number

      Ages 4 to 6Concept
  2. Starts at age 5 // 4 topics

    Starting at age 5

    Your child is building essential counting skills — learning that numbers have meaning, that each number represents a specific quantity, and beginning to compare groups to see which has more or fewer objects.

    • Rote counting to 100

      Rote count forwards and backwards from 0 to 100, beginning from 0, 1, or any given number, by ones

      Ages 5 to 6Method
    • Counting in 2s

      Count in multiples of 2, 5, and 10 (skip counting)

      Ages 5 to 7Method
    • Counting objects to 20

      Count a set of objects to answer 'how many?' for sets up to 20 (arranged in lines, arrays, circles, or scattered)

      Ages 5 to 6Method
    • Two written numerals between 1 and 10

      Compare two written numerals between 1 and 10 to determine which is greater or less

      Ages 5 to 6Method
  3. Starts at age 6 // 2 topics

    Starting at age 6

    Your child is building counting confidence — learning to skip count by 3s and count forwards and backwards in tens from any starting number.

  4. Starts at age 7 // 2 topics

    Starting at age 7

    Your child is developing counting confidence with larger numbers, practicing skip-counting patterns and counting up to 1000 by different amounts.

  5. Starts at age 8 // 1 topic

    Starting at age 8

    Your child is practicing skip-counting in larger number patterns, building fluency with multiples of 6, 7, 9, 25, and 1000.

    • Counting in 6s

      Count in multiples of 6, 7, 9, 25, and 1000

      Ages 8 to 9Method