All topics

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Use technical vocabulary for wave behaviour — refraction, absorption, reflection, scattering, amplitude, frequency, wavelength, echo, spectrum, angle of…

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Generate and compare multiple solutions that use patterns to transfer information, such as codes and signals

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Recognise that light appears to travel in straight lines and use this to explain how we see objects and why shadows have the same shape as the objects that cast…

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

State the law of reflection (angle of incidence = angle of reflection) and explain refraction as the change in speed and direction when light crosses a boundary…

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Explain that white light is a mixture of all visible colours (ROYGBIV), describe dispersion through a prism, explain why objects appear coloured (selective…

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Describe waves in terms of amplitude, wavelength, frequency, and wave speed; distinguish transverse waves (oscillation perpendicular to direction of travel)…

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Explain that sound is produced by vibrating objects and travels as a longitudinal pressure wave through solids, liquids, and gases; describe reflection of sound…

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Describe the full electromagnetic spectrum from radio waves to gamma rays, in order of increasing frequency and energy; explain that all EM waves travel at the…

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Explain how waves can be absorbed, transmitted, or reflected by different materials, and apply these interactions to explain colour perception, sight…

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Construct ray diagrams to show the formation of images by plane mirrors and converging lenses, identifying whether images are real or virtual, magnified or…

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Draw ray diagrams to show reflection at a plane mirror (angle of incidence = angle of reflection) and refraction at a boundary between media; use ray diagrams…

Science // Weather & Climate

Identify and describe different types of weather — sunny, rainy, windy, snowy, cloudy, foggy, stormy — and describe what the weather is like today using simple…

Science // Weather & Climate

Know that weather changes with the seasons — spring brings rain and new growth, summer is warmest with long days, autumn brings cooling and falling leaves…

Science // Weather & Climate

Know that rain falls from clouds in the sky, that puddles disappear because water goes back into the air, and that this is part of how water moves around — up…

Science // Weather & Climate

Understand temperature as how hot or cold something is, that a thermometer measures temperature, and use words like hot, warm, cool, and cold to describe how…

Science // Weather & Climate

Know that wind is moving air, that it can be gentle (a breeze) or very strong (a gale), and that wind can move things like leaves, kites, flags, and even push…

Science // Weather & Climate

Ask questions to obtain information about the purpose of weather forecasting and how people prepare for and respond to severe weather

Science // Weather & Climate

Know basic storm safety: during thunder and lightning, go indoors or into a car, stay away from trees and water; understand that storms can be frightening but…

Science // Weather & Climate

Choose appropriate clothing and equipment for different weather conditions — coat and umbrella for rain, sun hat and sunscreen for hot sun, warm layers for cold…

Science // Weather & Climate

Know that different places around the world have very different typical weather — tropical places are hot and wet all year, deserts are very dry, polar regions…

Science // Weather & Climate

Understand the water cycle: the Sun heats water in oceans and lakes causing it to evaporate into water vapour, the vapour rises and cools to form clouds…

Science // Weather & Climate

Distinguish between weather and climate: weather is what the atmosphere is doing right now or today (it can change hour to hour), while climate is the typical…

Science // Weather & Climate

Identify the three main cloud types — cumulus (fluffy, fair weather), stratus (flat layers, overcast or drizzle), and cirrus (thin wisps, high up) — and…

Science // Weather & Climate

Understand what causes wind: the Sun heats the Earth's surface unevenly, warm air rises because it is lighter, and cooler air rushes in to take its place — this…