English // Grammar & Punctuation
Modal Verbs and Possibility
Understand and use modal verbs (can, may, must, might, shall, will, could, should, would) and modal adverbs (perhaps, surely, certainly) to indicate degrees of possibility, necessity, and permission
Quick check
When the learner writes, do they choose between words like "must", "might", "could", and "should" to show whether something is certain, possible, or just an idea — rather than treating every action as definite?
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Topic // Mastery
What mastery looks like
- Select a modal verb to express certainty, probability, or possibility in a sentence, e.g. 'It will rain' vs 'It might rain' vs 'It could rain'
- Replace a modal verb with a modal adverb to achieve a similar effect, e.g. 'He might come' → 'Perhaps he will come'
- Distinguish between modals expressing permission (may, can), obligation (must, should), and possibility (might, could) in context
Topic // Map
Where this fits
- RequiredMust come first
- HelpfulHelps, but not essential
Before this
4 topicsGrammar & Punctuation // Ages 6 to 9
Modal verbs express degrees of possibility and are understood within the broader framework of verb tense and aspect
- Simple Past, Present and FutureRequired
Grammar & Punctuation // Ages 8 to 9
Modal verbs modify main verbs to express possibility/necessity; learners need a secure grasp of simple verb tenses before adding modal modifiers
- The Present Perfect TenseHelpful
Grammar & Punctuation // Ages 7 to 11
Understanding modal verbs is enriched by the prior study of present perfect, which also expresses nuanced relationships between time and action
- Standard English VerbsHelpful
Grammar & Punctuation // Ages 8 to 9
Standard English verb inflections provide the base forms that modals modify
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Modal Verbs and Possibility
Ages 9 to 10 // Concept
Leads to
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Topic // Standards
Curriculum standards
- Common Core State Standards for English Language Arts & Literacy in History/Social Studies, Science, and Technical Subjects
- L.4.1c
- The national curriculum in England: Key stages 1 and 2 framework document
- Eng.App2.Y5.Sent.2Eng.UKS2.Write.VGP.1e
English // Grammar & Punctuation
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