English // Grammar & Punctuation
Brackets and dashes for parenthesis
Use brackets, dashes, and commas to indicate parenthesis — additional information inserted into a sentence that could be removed without changing the sentence's core meaning
Quick check
When the learner adds a little extra detail inside a sentence — like "The teacher, who is very strict, gave us homework" — do they correctly use brackets, dashes, or commas around that added bit?
Ask this to see whether the topic is secure.
Topic // Mastery
What mastery looks like
- Insert a parenthetical phrase using paired brackets, e.g. 'The oldest building (built in 1642) stands in the town square'
- Use paired dashes to add an aside or extra detail within a sentence, e.g. 'My brother — who is older than me — lives in London'
- Choose between brackets, dashes, and commas for parenthesis based on how much emphasis the aside should receive, recognising that dashes give most prominence and brackets give least
Topic // Map
Where this fits
- RequiredMust come first
- HelpfulHelps, but not essential
Before this
2 topics- Commas in listsRequired
Grammar & Punctuation // Ages 6 to 11
Parenthetical commas are a new comma use; learners need secure comma-in-lists knowledge before learning commas for parenthesis
- Punctuating Direct SpeechHelpful
Grammar & Punctuation // Ages 7 to 10
Direct speech punctuation introduces the concept of embedding one structure within another; parenthesis similarly embeds additional information
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Brackets and dashes for parenthesis
Ages 9 to 10 // Method
Leads to
1 topic- Advanced Punctuation for ClarityRequired
Grammar & Punctuation // Ages 11 to 14
Parenthetical punctuation extends KS2 brackets, dashes, commas for parenthesis
Topic // Standards
Curriculum standards
- The national curriculum in England: Key stages 1 and 2 framework document
- Eng.App2.Y5.Punc.1Eng.UKS2.Write.VGP.2c
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