All topics

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Understand that words combine to make sentences — a sentence expresses a complete thought; produce and expand complete sentences in speech and writing

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Use verbs to convey past and present tense correctly and consistently, including the progressive form (e.g., she is drumming, he was shouting), understanding…

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Understand and use the four sentence types — statement, question, exclamation, and command — recognising how grammatical patterns indicate sentence function

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Use personal, possessive, and indefinite pronouns correctly (e.g., I/me/my, they/them/their, anyone/everything), replacing nouns to avoid repetition

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Use determiners (articles a/an/the and demonstratives this/that/these/those) correctly before nouns

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Use the present perfect form of verbs in contrast to the simple past tense, understanding how the present perfect indicates an action completed at an…

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Choose pronouns for clarity and cohesion, avoiding ambiguity and repetition; use reflexive pronouns correctly (e.g., myself, ourselves, himself)

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Use adjectives and adverbs correctly, choosing between them depending on whether a noun or verb/adjective is being modified (e.g., 'She ran quickly' vs 'She is…

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Distinguish between the plural -s suffix and the possessive -'s suffix in nouns

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Understand and use abstract nouns to name ideas, qualities, and states that cannot be perceived by the senses

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Understand and use modal verbs (can, may, must, might, shall, will, could, should, would) and modal adverbs (perhaps, surely, certainly) to indicate degrees of…

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Explain the function of conjunctions, prepositions, and interjections in general and in particular sentences, understanding how each word class contributes to…

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Analyse the effectiveness and impact of grammatical features in texts read — understanding how authors make deliberate grammatical choices (sentence length…

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Understand and analyse the function of phrases (noun, verb, adjectival, adverbial, prepositional) and clauses (main, subordinate, relative) in general and in…

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Know and understand the differences between spoken and written language — including differences in formality, register, grammar, and vocabulary — and between…

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Understand and use active and passive voice deliberately, and recognise verb moods (indicative, imperative, subjunctive, conditional) and their effects…

English // Handwriting & Transcription

Understand which letters belong to which handwriting families based on similar formation patterns and practise letters in groups

English // Phonics & Word Reading

Demonstrate understanding that print carries meaning, follows left-to-right top-to-bottom directionality, and is organised page by page in books

English // Phonics & Word Reading

Recognise and spell compound words by identifying the two component words that combine to form a single word

English // Reading Comprehension

Identify characters, settings, and major events in stories; become familiar with key stories, fairy tales, and traditional tales and retell them with key…

English // Reading Comprehension

Identify front cover, back cover, and title page of a book; identify the reasons an author gives to support points in informational text

English // Reading Comprehension

Recognise common types of texts (storybooks, poems, non-fiction); name the author and illustrator and define the role of each in telling or presenting a text

English // Reading Comprehension

Discuss the sequence of events in narrative texts and how items of information are related in non-fiction, retelling stories including key details and…

English // Reading Comprehension

Recognise different non-fiction text structures and features (headings, contents, glossary, index), understanding how texts are organised to present information