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English // Reading Comprehension
Themes Across Cultures and TraditionsCompare and contrast the treatment of similar themes, topics, and story patterns (e.g., good vs evil, quest narratives, trickster tales) in stories, myths, and…
Ages 9 to 10ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Cultural Allusions and Word MeaningDetermine the meaning of words and phrases as used in literary texts, including understanding references to mythology and cultural allusions (e.g., Herculean…
Ages 9 to 10ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Firsthand and Secondhand AccountsCompare and contrast a firsthand account (autobiography, diary, letter) with a secondhand account (biography, textbook, news report) of the same event or topic…
Ages 9 to 10ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
How authors support their pointsExplain how an author of an informational text uses reasons and evidence to support particular points, evaluating whether the reasoning is sound and the…
Ages 9 to 10ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Different viewpoints in textsDescribe how a narrator's or speaker's point of view influences how events are described, recognising the difference between limited and omniscient narration…
Ages 10 to 11ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Comparing Structure in Information TextsCompare and contrast the overall structure of events, ideas, concepts, or information in two or more informational texts, identifying patterns such as…
Ages 10 to 11ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
How Authors Treat Similar ThemesCompare and contrast stories in the same genre on their approaches to similar themes and topics, identifying how different authors treat common ideas
Ages 10 to 11ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
How Language Choices Affect the ReaderEvaluate how authors use language including figurative language, considering the impact of word choices, imagery, and literary devices on the reader
Ages 10 to 11ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
How Parts Build a Whole TextExplain how a series of chapters, scenes, or stanzas fits together to provide the overall structure of a story, drama, or poem, analysing how each part…
Ages 10 to 11ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Fact vs opinionDistinguish between statements of fact and statements of opinion in texts, recognising how authors blend factual information with subjective viewpoints
Ages 10 to 11ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Multiple Accounts of EventsAnalyse multiple accounts of the same event or topic, noting important similarities and differences in the point of view they represent
Ages 10 to 11ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Supporting ideas with evidenceExplain how an author uses reasons and evidence to support particular points in a text, identifying which reasons and evidence support which specific points
Ages 10 to 11ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Evaluating Arguments in Non-FictionEvaluate arguments and claims in non-fiction texts — assess whether reasoning is sound, evidence is relevant and sufficient, distinguish between fact and…
Ages 11 to 14ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Figurative Language and Literary DevicesDetermine the meaning of figurative and connotative language in context, analyse the impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone, and identify literary…
Ages 11 to 14ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Poetic forms and conventionsRecognise and understand poetic conventions — including form (sonnet, ballad, free verse), metre, rhyme scheme, stanza structure, imagery, and sound devices…
Ages 11 to 14ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Narrative Perspective and Unreliable NarratorsAnalyse point of view and narrative perspective — including first person, third person limited and omniscient, and unreliable narrator — and how the author's or…
Ages 11 to 14ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Plot Structure and Character DevelopmentAnalyse how plot structure unfolds through episodes or key events, and how characters develop, respond to challenges, and change over the course of a narrative…
Ages 11 to 14ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Understanding drama and performanceUnderstand how dramatists communicate meaning through performance — including staging, direction, set design, lighting, and actors' choices — and how different…
Ages 11 to 14ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Critical comparison across textsMake critical comparisons across texts — comparing themes, characters, settings, styles, or arguments in two or more works, including texts from different…
Ages 11 to 14ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Tracing Theme Across a TextDetermine and analyse the theme or central idea of a text, trace how it develops across the text through key details and events, and provide an objective…
Ages 11 to 14ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Purpose, audience, and contextIdentify the purpose, audience, and context of a text and use this knowledge to support comprehension — recognising how writing aimed at different audiences…
Ages 11 to 14ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Analysing Text StructureAnalyse how a text's structure — including its overall organisation, use of chapters, stanzas, scenes, paragraphs, or sections — contributes to its meaning…
Ages 11 to 14ConceptEnglish // Vocabulary
Sorting & Categorising WordsSort common objects and words into categories to understand how concepts relate; demonstrate understanding of opposites (antonyms) for common verbs and…
Ages 5 to 8ConceptEnglish // Vocabulary
Word Parts as CluesUse knowledge of common inflections and affixes (-ed, -s, un-, -er) as clues to the meaning of unknown words; understand how the prefix un- changes meaning
Ages 5 to 8Concept