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English // Writing Composition
Responding to Writing FeedbackWith teacher guidance, re-read own writing aloud to check it sounds right; listen and respond to questions and suggestions from teacher or peers to add detail…
Ages 5 to 7Thinking skillEnglish // Writing Composition
Revising and editing (age 8+)Read back your own writing critically and independently — notice where meaning is unclear, where a word could be stronger, or where the reader might be…
Ages 8 to 9Thinking skillEnglish // Writing Composition
Choosing Form and Tone for Your AudienceIdentify the audience for and purpose of writing before beginning, selecting the appropriate form, tone, and register to match the intended reader and…
Ages 9 to 10Thinking skillEnglish // Writing Composition
Writing for an audienceProduce clear and coherent writing in which the development and organisation are appropriate to the task, purpose, and audience, maintaining a consistent style…
Ages 9 to 11Thinking skillEnglish // Writing Composition
Planning NarrativesPlan narrative writing by considering how authors have developed characters and settings, drawing on techniques observed in texts read, heard, or performed
Ages 10 to 11Thinking skillEnglish // Writing Composition
Planning, Revising and Editing WritingPlan, revise, and edit writing to improve coherence and effectiveness — considering how the writing reflects its intended audience and purpose, amending…
Ages 11 to 14Thinking skillScience // Dinosaurs & Paleontology
Changing Scientific KnowledgeEvaluate competing scientific explanations about dinosaurs by weighing fossil evidence — understanding that scientific knowledge changes as new fossils are…
Ages 9 to 11Thinking skillScience // Dinosaurs & Paleontology
Megafauna Extinction & De-ExtinctionEvaluate the debate over what drove Pleistocene megafauna to extinction — human overkill, climate change, or a combination — using evidence from fossil records…
Ages 13 to 14Thinking skillScience // Ocean Life
Exploring the OceanKnow that oceanographers and marine biologists study the ocean using submarines, remotely operated vehicles (ROVs), satellites, and diving, and that much of the…
Ages 9 to 11Thinking skillScience // Scientific Inquiry
Asking scientific questionsAsk simple scientific questions and recognise that they can be answered in different ways including observation, testing, and research
Ages 5 to 8Thinking skillScience // Scientific Inquiry
Observation vs InterpretationNotice the difference between what you observed and what you think it means — 'the ice melted' is an observation; 'the ice melted because of the heat' is an…
Ages 6 to 7Thinking skillScience // Scientific Inquiry
Changing Your Mind with EvidenceBe willing to change your mind when evidence doesn't support your prediction — a result that surprises you is more valuable than one that confirms what you…
Ages 6 to 8Thinking skillScience // Scientific Inquiry
Using evidence to answer questionsIdentify differences, similarities, or changes related to scientific ideas and use straightforward scientific evidence to answer questions or support findings
Ages 7 to 9Thinking skillScience // Scientific Inquiry
Drawing conclusions from evidenceReport on findings from enquiries using oral and written explanations, draw simple conclusions, make predictions, and suggest improvements
Ages 7 to 9Thinking skillScience // Scientific Inquiry
Could there be another explanation?For any result, ask: is there another explanation? — the first explanation that fits isn't always the right one, and good scientists actively look for…
Ages 7 to 9Thinking skillScience // Scientific Inquiry
Correlation vs CausationTwo things happening together doesn't mean one caused the other — recognise the difference between correlation and causation before drawing conclusions
Ages 8 to 10Thinking skillScience // Scientific Inquiry
Evidence Supporting IdeasIdentify scientific evidence that has been used to support or refute ideas or arguments, evaluating the strength of evidence
Ages 9 to 11Thinking skillScience // Scientific Inquiry
Drawing conclusions from evidence (age 9+)Report and present findings including conclusions, causal relationships, explanations, and a degree of trust in results using oral and written forms
Ages 9 to 11Thinking skillScience // Scientific Inquiry
Controlling variablesPlan different types of scientific enquiries to answer questions, recognising and controlling variables where necessary
Ages 9 to 11Thinking skillScience // Scientific Inquiry
Fair testing (age 9+)Use test results to make predictions and set up further comparative and fair tests to investigate new questions
Ages 9 to 11Thinking skillScience // Scientific Inquiry
Science Can Be RevisedScientific knowledge is provisional — it is the best current explanation based on available evidence, and it can and should be revised when better evidence…
Ages 9 to 11Thinking skillScience // Scientific Inquiry
Controlling variables (age 11+)Form a testable scientific hypothesis linking an independent variable to a predicted outcome, plan a full investigation identifying independent, dependent, and…
Ages 11 to 12Thinking skillScience // Scientific Inquiry
Drawing conclusions from evidence (age 12+)Identify patterns and trends in data, draw conclusions that directly address the hypothesis with quantitative reference to evidence, and evaluate the…
Ages 12 to 13Thinking skillScience // Scientific Inquiry
Writing Science ReportsCommunicate scientific findings in a structured report using appropriate scientific vocabulary, SI units, and standard notation; describe how peer review and…
Ages 13 to 14Thinking skill