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English // Grammar & Punctuation

Use correlative conjunctions correctly in sentences, pairing words such as either/or, neither/nor, both/and, not only/but also, and whether/or

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Use a colon to introduce a list and semi-colons to separate items within lists, particularly when list items contain internal commas or are complex phrases

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Punctuate bullet points consistently to list information clearly, applying conventions for capitalisation, end punctuation, and parallel structure across items

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Analyse the effectiveness and impact of grammatical features in texts read — understanding how authors make deliberate grammatical choices (sentence length…

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Discuss reading, writing, and spoken language with precise and confident use of linguistic and literary terminology — including terms for word classes, sentence…

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Understand and analyse the function of phrases (noun, verb, adjectival, adverbial, prepositional) and clauses (main, subordinate, relative) in general and in…

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Use punctuation confidently and accurately for effect and clarity — including semicolons to link related clauses, colons to introduce lists or explanations…

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Choose among and construct simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex sentences to signal different relationships among ideas, varying sentence patterns…

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Know and understand the differences between spoken and written language — including differences in formality, register, grammar, and vocabulary — and between…

English // Grammar & Punctuation

Understand and use active and passive voice deliberately, and recognise verb moods (indicative, imperative, subjunctive, conditional) and their effects…

English // Handwriting & Transcription

Sit correctly at a table holding a pencil comfortably and correctly; form lower-case letters in the correct direction starting and finishing in the right place

English // Handwriting & Transcription

Form digits 0-9 correctly and legibly

English // Handwriting & Transcription

Form capital letters correctly; print many upper- and lowercase letters legibly

English // Handwriting & Transcription

Understand which letters belong to which handwriting families based on similar formation patterns and practise letters in groups

English // Handwriting & Transcription

Begin to join letters using diagonal and horizontal strokes, understanding which letter pairs are best left unjoined, forming letters of correct size relative…

English // Phonics & Word Reading

Demonstrate understanding that print carries meaning, follows left-to-right top-to-bottom directionality, and is organised page by page in books

English // Phonics & Word Reading

Recognise and name all uppercase and lowercase letters of the alphabet; name the letters in order and use letter names to distinguish between alternative…

English // Phonics & Word Reading

Know the primary sound for each consonant and the short and long sounds for the five major vowels; respond speedily to single-letter graphemes

English // Phonics & Word Reading

Blend and segment onsets and rimes in single-syllable words; isolate and pronounce individual phonemes (initial, medial, final) in CVC words; add or substitute…

English // Phonics & Word Reading

Recognise and produce rhyming words; join in with predictable phrases and rhymes in stories and poems; learn to appreciate and recite poems by heart

English // Phonics & Word Reading

Apply phonic knowledge to blend sounds in unfamiliar words containing taught grapheme-phoneme correspondences; respond speedily to graphemes for all 40+…

English // Phonics & Word Reading

Read and spell words containing common vowel digraphs (ai, ay, ee, ea, oa, oe, oo, oi, oy) including where a digraph can represent more than one sound

English // Phonics & Word Reading

Read and spell words containing consonant digraphs and less common consonant spellings (ch, sh, th, ck, tch, ng, ph, wh, k for /k/)

English // Phonics & Word Reading

Count, blend, and segment syllables in spoken words; divide written words into syllables as an aid to reading and spelling