All topics

Science // Animals of the World

Understand that animals communicate in many different ways — birds sing to attract mates and defend territory, whales call across vast ocean distances, bees…

Science // Animals of the World

Understand that biodiversity — the variety of different species in an ecosystem — is essential for healthy ecosystems, and that keystone species (like wolves in…

Science // Animals of the World

Know how people work to protect endangered animals — through national parks and marine reserves, captive breeding programmes (like those that saved the…

Science // Animals of the World

Understand why some animal species become endangered or go extinct — habitat destruction, hunting/poaching, pollution, climate change, and invasive species…

Science // Animals of the World

Understand that invasive species are animals (or plants) that have been introduced to a place where they don't naturally belong — like grey squirrels…

Science // Animals of the World

Understand that animals have structural adaptations (body features like the giraffe's long neck, eagle's talons, dolphin's streamlined shape), behavioural…

Science // Animals of the World

Understand symbiosis — close relationships between different species — including mutualism (both benefit, like clownfish and anemones), commensalism (one…

Science // Animals of the World

Explore animal intelligence and complex behaviour — chimpanzees and crows use tools, dolphins recognise themselves in mirrors, octopuses solve puzzles and…

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Understand that fossils tell us not only about ancient animals but also about ancient environments — for example, marine fossils found on a mountaintop show…

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Explain in simple terms how fossils form: an organism dies and is quickly buried in sediment; over millions of years minerals replace the remains and the…

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Describe what coprolites are (fossilised dinosaur dung) and how palaeontologists analyse them to discover what dinosaurs ate, including plant fragments, bones…

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Distinguish body fossils (preserved bones, teeth, shells) from trace fossils (footprints, trackways, eggs, burrows, coprolites) and explain what each type can…

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Use dinosaur trackways (fossilised footprints) to make inferences about a dinosaur's size, speed, and behaviour — widely spaced prints suggest running, closely…

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Place the three periods of the Mesozoic Era — Triassic, Jurassic, and Cretaceous — in order and understand that different dinosaurs lived in different periods…

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Understand that different dinosaurs lived on different continents and that fossil discoveries around the world show dinosaurs were a global phenomenon, with…

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Know who Mary Anning was — a pioneering fossil hunter from Lyme Regis, England, who discovered ichthyosaur and plesiosaur skeletons in the early 1800s and…

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Analyse and interpret data from fossils to provide evidence of organisms and environments that existed long ago

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Evaluate competing scientific explanations about dinosaurs by weighing fossil evidence — understanding that scientific knowledge changes as new fossils are…

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Read and create simple cladograms (branching diagrams) that show how groups of dinosaurs are related based on shared features, understanding that species…

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Understand that modern birds evolved from a group of small feathered theropod dinosaurs, using evidence such as the fossil Archaeopteryx, feathered dinosaur…

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Understand that palaeoart — scientific illustrations and models of dinosaurs — is based on fossil evidence but involves informed speculation about skin colour…

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Understand that rock layers (strata) form in sequence with the oldest at the bottom and the youngest at the top, and that fossils found in deeper layers are…

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Describe how palaeontologists work in the field and lab: prospecting for exposed fossils, careful excavation with hand tools, plaster jacketing for transport…

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Classify dinosaurs into the two major groups based on hip structure: Saurischia (lizard-hipped, including theropods and sauropods) and Ornithischia…