Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology
Dinosaurs Around the World
Understand that different dinosaurs lived on different continents and that fossil discoveries around the world show dinosaurs were a global phenomenon, with some species found only in certain regions
Quick check
If you showed the learner a world map, could they tell you that dinosaur fossils have been found on every continent — and maybe name a place where a famous dinosaur was discovered?
Ask this to see whether the topic is secure.
Topic // Mastery
What mastery looks like
- State that dinosaur fossils have been found on every continent including Antarctica
- Name at least one dinosaur discovery location (e.g. T. rex in North America, Velociraptor in Mongolia)
- Suggest a reason why the same type of dinosaur is sometimes found on continents now far apart
Topic // Map
Where this fits
- RequiredMust come first
- HelpfulHelps, but not essential
Before this
2 topics- Dinosaurs Were RealRequired
Dinosaurs & Paleontology // Ages 5 to 7
Must understand dinosaurs existed before learning about their global distribution
- The Mesozoic EraHelpful
Dinosaurs & Paleontology // Ages 7 to 9
Understanding that different dinosaurs lived on different continents is enriched by the prior knowledge that different dinosaurs lived in different time periods — both are dimensions of dinosaur geographic/temporal distribution
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Dinosaurs Around the World
Ages 7 to 9 // Concept
Leads to
1 topicDinosaurs & Paleontology // Ages 9 to 11
Evaluating competing scientific explanations about dinosaurs is enriched by knowing about the global distribution of dinosaur species and how continental evidence informs competing theories
Topic // Research-informed
Teaching notes
From the Marble Skill Taxonomy. These notes have not been validated in classrooms, so treat them as a starting point for your own judgement.
The approach
Dinosaurs Around the World (ages 7–9): dinosaur fossils have been found on all seven continents, including Antarctica, showing dinosaurs were a global phenomenon. The same kinds of dinosaur (and plants like Glossopteris) found on continents now separated by oceans hint that the land was once joined (Pangaea/Gondwana) and has slowly drifted apart. Learners map famous finds to places on a world map, meet the surprising Antarctica case, and reassemble the joined landmass to see why the same creature appears on now-distant continents. Keep continental drift qualitative ('the land slowly moved').
Common misconceptions
- 'Dinosaurs only lived in a few hot places' — fossils are found on all seven continents, including Antarctica.
- 'Antarctica never had dinosaurs because it's frozen' — it was once warm and forested; ice now hides most fossils.
- 'The same dinosaur on two continents means it swam across the ocean' — the continents were joined then and have since drifted apart.
- 'Fewer fossils in Antarctica means fewer dinosaurs lived there' — it mostly reflects how hard they are to find under ice.
- 'Continents have always been where they are now' — land masses move slowly over millions of years.
Useful representations
- A world map with pins: T. rex (N America), Velociraptor (Mongolia), Argentinosaurus (Argentina), Cryolophosaurus (Antarctica).
- A Pangaea 'jigsaw' showing today's continents once fitted together, with a shared dinosaur/plant straddling the join.
- A 'then vs now' Antarctica: warm forest → ice sheet.
- A find-density shading showing Antarctica sparse (ice cover) vs North America/China/Argentina rich.
Teaching practices
- Use a world map as the organising surface — pin finds to places so 'global' is seen, not just stated.
- Include Antarctica as the surprising 'capstone' continent (once warm/forested; Cryolophosaurus) to make 'everywhere' vivid.
- Introduce the joined-land inference gently: same dinosaur/plant on distant continents → they were once connected and drifted apart.
- Add the honest nuance that Antarctica has the fewest finds because ice hides the rock — fewer finds ≠ fewer dinosaurs (absence of evidence).
- Link to children's geography knowledge of continents and oceans to anchor the spatial reasoning.
Activities to try
- 1
Map the finds: dinosaurs lived everywhere
Why it works: Dinosaurs were not a local curiosity confined to a few hot places — they lived across the whole planet, and fossils of them have been found on every continent.
- Work with a world map and place or reveal find-pins for famous dinosaurs, one or more on every continent: T. rex (North America), Argentinosaurus (Argentina, South America), Iguanodon (England and Belgium, Europe), Spinosaurus (Egypt and Morocco, Africa), Velociraptor (Mongolia, Asia), Muttaburrasaurus (Australia) and Cryolophosaurus (Antarctica).
- For each pin, say the dinosaur's name and the continent/place it was found in.
- Count the continents represented and state out loud that fossils have been found on all seven, including Antarctica.
- Use a shading or density layer to notice where most finds come from (North America, China, Argentina) versus the sparse Antarctica.
- 2
The Antarctica surprise: fewer finds is not fewer dinosaurs
Why it works: Antarctica was once warm and forested and had dinosaurs; the few fossils found there reflect how hard they are to find under ice, not a lack of dinosaurs — an 'absence of evidence is not evidence of absence' nuance.
- Compare a 'then vs now' picture of Antarctica: once warm and forested → today an ice sheet.
- Explain why Antarctica has the fewest dinosaur finds: ice now covers most of the rock, making fossils very hard to find.
- Decide whether 'fewer fossils found in Antarctica' means 'fewer dinosaurs lived there', and explain your reasoning.
- State that Cryolophosaurus lived in Antarctica back when it was warm and forested.
- 3
Reassemble the land: why the same dinosaur appears oceans apart
Why it works: Matching dinosaurs and plants on now-distant continents are evidence the land was once joined and has slowly drifted apart over millions of years; the dinosaur walked across land that later split, rather than crossing an ocean.
- Start from today's continents and slide/drag them back together so they fit like a jigsaw into one giant landmass (Pangaea/Gondwana).
- Line up a shared dinosaur or plant (e.g. Glossopteris) so it sits across a seam where two continents once joined.
- Explain in your own words how the same kind of dinosaur ended up on two continents now separated by a huge ocean (e.g. Africa and South America).
- Contrast two explanations: 'the dinosaur swam across the ocean' versus 'the land was joined then and has since drifted apart' — and say which the fossil pattern supports.
Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology
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