History // Historical Thinking
Evidence from the Past
Understand that everything we know about the past comes from evidence — objects, buildings, pictures, documents, and stories that have survived
Quick check
When the learner learns about something that happened long ago, do they ask how we know about it — and understand that someone had to find or leave behind that evidence?
Ask this to see whether the topic is secure.
Topic // Mastery
What mastery looks like
- Wineburg historical thinking framework
- Historical Thinking in the Elementary Years (ERIC)
Topic // Map
Where this fits
- RequiredMust come first
- HelpfulHelps, but not essential
Before this
2 topics- Vocabulary: historical thinkingRequired
Historical Thinking // Ages 6 to 10
Understanding that everything we know comes from evidence requires 'evidence' and 'source' vocabulary
- Thinking Before StartingHelpful
Learning to Learn // Learning to Learn // Ages 6 to 7
Understanding that knowledge of the past comes from surviving evidence builds on the habit of activating prior knowledge — what do I already know, and where did that knowledge come from?
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Evidence from the Past
Ages 6 to 7 // Thinking skill
Leads to
3 topicsHistorical Thinking // Ages 6 to 8
Recognising that accounts can differ requires first understanding that accounts exist because people left behind evidence
- Battle of Hastings and 1066Helpful
Medieval Times // Ages 7 to 9
Cross-domain: understanding historical evidence (Historical Thinking) enriches use of Bayeux Tapestry as source
Ancient Greece & Rome // Ages 9 to 11
Basic concept that knowledge of the past comes from evidence underpins this topic
History // Historical Thinking
More in Historical Thinking
- Checking Sources Against Each OtherAges 8 to 10Thinking skillCorroborate: check whether multiple sources agree on the same facts — and investigate why they might not
- Questioning Historical SourcesAges 8 to 10Thinking skillBefore trusting a historical source, ask: who made this, when, and why? — the answers shape how much weight the source should carry
- Understanding People in Their Own TimeAges 8 to 10Thinking skillUnderstand that people in the past saw the world very differently from us — judge their actions by the context they lived in, not only by today's values
- Evidence Versus InterpretationAges 10 to 11Thinking skillDistinguish between historical evidence and historical interpretation — evidence is what survived, interpretation is the argument a historian builds from it…