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Science // Matter & Materials

Explain that some changes result in the formation of new materials and are not usually reversible, such as burning, rusting, and reactions with acid

Science // Matter & Materials

Demonstrate that dissolving, mixing, and changes of state are reversible changes where no new materials are formed

Science // Matter & Materials

Compare and group everyday materials based on advanced properties: hardness, solubility, transparency, electrical and thermal conductivity, and response to…

Science // Matter & Materials

Measure and provide evidence that the total weight of matter is conserved regardless of the type of change (heating, cooling, or mixing)

Science // Matter & Materials

Develop a model to describe that matter is made of particles too small to be seen, and that this explains properties of solids, liquids, and gases

Science // Matter & Materials

Distinguish between physical changes (reversible, no new substances formed) and chemical changes (new substances formed, often irreversible), using conservation…

Science // Matter & Materials

Distinguish between pure substances and mixtures, identify formulations as useful mixtures with precise compositions, and use melting and boiling points to test…

Science // Matter & Materials

Use the particle model to explain the properties of solids, liquids, and gases — including differences in arrangement, movement, and spacing — and apply the…

Science // Matter & Materials

Explain the differences between atoms, elements, and compounds; describe the simple Bohr model of the atom (nucleus with protons and neutrons, electrons in…

Science // Matter & Materials

Compare the physical and chemical properties of metals and non-metals, explaining metallic properties (malleability, lustre, conductivity) and how position in…

Science // Matter & Materials

Describe the organisation of the periodic table into periods and groups, explain the contribution of Mendeleev, and use the table to identify metals…

Science // Matter & Materials

Explain melting, freezing, boiling, condensing, and sublimation using the particle model, interpreting heating and cooling curves to identify melting and…

Science // Matter & Materials

Explain that many raw materials (metals, fossil fuels, minerals) are finite resources, describe the environmental costs of extraction, and evaluate the benefits…

Science // Matter & Materials

Describe the composition of Earth's atmosphere (mainly nitrogen and oxygen, with small amounts of CO₂ and other gases), explain how human activity increases…

Science // Matter & Materials

Describe and write word equations for the reactions of acids with metals, alkalis (neutralisation), and metal oxides/hydroxides, identifying the salt produced…

Science // Matter & Materials

Define acids and alkalis in terms of hydrogen ion concentration, describe the pH scale (0–14), and explain how indicators are used to identify and measure…

Science // Matter & Materials

Distinguish between exothermic reactions (release energy, temperature rises) and endothermic reactions (absorb energy, temperature falls), with everyday and…

Science // Matter & Materials

Explain the rock cycle: how igneous rocks form from magma, sedimentary rocks from compressed sediment, and metamorphic rocks from heat and pressure, and how all…

Science // Matter & Materials

Identify and describe four types of chemical reaction: combustion (burning in oxygen), oxidation (gain of oxygen), thermal decomposition (breaking down by…

Science // Matter & Materials

Order common metals in the reactivity series and explain how a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive one; describe how carbon is used to extract metals…

Science // Matter & Materials

Describe the properties and uses of ceramics (hard, brittle, heat-resistant), polymers (flexible, lightweight, variable), and composites (combine properties of…

Science // Ocean Life

Know that oceans are huge bodies of salt water that cover most of Earth's surface, and that the ocean is home to an enormous number of living things

Science // Ocean Life

Understand that ocean animals need food, shelter, and the right conditions to survive — just like land animals — and that different parts of the ocean provide…

Science // Ocean Life

Recognise that the ocean is home to an amazing variety of animals — from tiny seahorses and colourful clownfish to enormous whales and sharks — and that ocean…