All topics

Science // Scientific Inquiry

Scientific knowledge is provisional — it is the best current explanation based on available evidence, and it can and should be revised when better evidence…

Science // Scientific Inquiry

Record data and results of increasing complexity using scientific diagrams, classification keys, tables, scatter graphs, bar and line graphs

Science // Scientific Inquiry

Take measurements with increasing accuracy and precision using a range of scientific equipment, taking repeat readings when appropriate

Science // Space Exploration

Know that the Sun is a star — the closest star to Earth — and that it is at the centre of our solar system, with all eight planets orbiting around it

Science // Space Exploration

Understand that Earth moves in two ways: it rotates (spins) on its axis once every 24 hours causing day and night, and it orbits (travels around) the Sun once…

Science // Space Exploration

Name the eight planets in order from the Sun (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune), know that Pluto is a dwarf planet, and distinguish…

Science // Space Exploration

Describe how robots and rovers have explored places humans cannot easily go — Mars rovers like Curiosity and Perseverance drive across Mars taking photos…

Science // Space Exploration

Describe a key feature of each planet: Mercury is smallest and closest, Venus is the hottest, Mars is red with rust, Jupiter is the largest with a Great Red…

Science // Space Exploration

Know that the Moon orbits Earth approximately once a month, that it does not make its own light but reflects sunlight, and that its changing appearance (phases)…

Science // Space Exploration

Identify other objects in the solar system beyond planets: asteroids (rocky bodies mostly between Mars and Jupiter), comets (icy bodies with tails when near the…

Science // Space Exploration

Know that telescopes are instruments that help us see distant objects in space, and that space telescopes like Hubble and James Webb orbit above Earth’s…

Science // Space Exploration

Explain why the Sun appears much brighter than other stars: it is the nearest star to Earth, not the biggest or brightest star in the universe — understanding…

Science // Space Exploration

Understand gravity as a force that pulls objects towards the centre of the Earth, that 'down' means towards Earth’s centre regardless of where you stand on the…

Science // Space Exploration

Describe key milestones in human space exploration: the Space Race (Sputnik, Yuri Gagarin, Apollo 11 Moon landing), the Space Shuttle era, the International…

Science // Space Exploration

Recognise named constellations visible in different seasons and understand why we see different constellations at different times of year — because Earth’s…

Science // Space Exploration

Understand that ideas about the solar system changed over time: ancient people believed Earth was at the centre (geocentric model, Ptolemy), until Copernicus…

Science // Space Exploration

Describe the scale of the universe in nested layers: Earth is one planet in our solar system, the Sun is one star among billions in the Milky Way galaxy, and…

Science // Space Exploration

Understand the basics of a star’s life cycle: stars are born in clouds of gas and dust (nebulae), shine for millions or billions of years by fusing hydrogen…

Science // Space Exploration

Use scale models, diagrams, or calculations to represent the relative sizes and distances of objects in the solar system, understanding that the distances…

Science // Space Systems & Earth's History

Name the planets in our solar system in order from the Sun and use vocabulary for space — planet, star, sun, moon, satellite, orbit, solar system, galaxy…

Science // Space Systems & Earth's History

Use information from several sources to provide evidence that Earth events can occur quickly (earthquakes, volcanic eruptions) or slowly (erosion, mountain…

Science // Space Systems & Earth's History

Use technical vocabulary for Earth's motion and the wider universe — rotation, revolution, axis, tilt, orbit, light year, gravitational force, atmosphere, lunar…

Science // Space Systems & Earth's History

Describe the sun, Earth, and moon as approximately spherical bodies, and describe the movement of the Earth and other planets orbiting the sun in the solar…

Science // Space Systems & Earth's History

Identify evidence from patterns in rock formations and fossils in rock layers to support an explanation for changes in a landscape over time