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Science // Matter & Materials
Finite Resources & RecyclingExplain that many raw materials (metals, fossil fuels, minerals) are finite resources, describe the environmental costs of extraction, and evaluate the benefits…
Ages 12 to 14ConceptScience // Matter & Materials
Earth's Atmosphere & CO2Describe the composition of Earth's atmosphere (mainly nitrogen and oxygen, with small amounts of CO₂ and other gases), explain how human activity increases…
Ages 12 to 14ConceptScience // Matter & Materials
Acid Reactions & SaltsDescribe and write word equations for the reactions of acids with metals, alkalis (neutralisation), and metal oxides/hydroxides, identifying the salt produced…
Ages 12 to 13ConceptScience // Matter & Materials
Acids, Alkalis & pHDefine acids and alkalis in terms of hydrogen ion concentration, describe the pH scale (0–14), and explain how indicators are used to identify and measure…
Ages 12 to 13ConceptScience // Matter & Materials
Reactions That Release or Absorb HeatDistinguish between exothermic reactions (release energy, temperature rises) and endothermic reactions (absorb energy, temperature falls), with everyday and…
Ages 12 to 13ConceptScience // Matter & Materials
The Rock CycleExplain the rock cycle: how igneous rocks form from magma, sedimentary rocks from compressed sediment, and metamorphic rocks from heat and pressure, and how all…
Ages 12 to 14ConceptScience // Matter & Materials
Types of Chemical ReactionIdentify and describe four types of chemical reaction: combustion (burning in oxygen), oxidation (gain of oxygen), thermal decomposition (breaking down by…
Ages 12 to 13ConceptScience // Matter & Materials
The Reactivity SeriesOrder common metals in the reactivity series and explain how a more reactive metal displaces a less reactive one; describe how carbon is used to extract metals…
Ages 12 to 14ConceptScience // Matter & Materials
Ceramics, Polymers & CompositesDescribe the properties and uses of ceramics (hard, brittle, heat-resistant), polymers (flexible, lightweight, variable), and composites (combine properties of…
Ages 13 to 14ConceptScience // Ocean Life
Ocean Currents and Global HeatExplain thermohaline circulation (the global conveyor belt) as driven by temperature and salinity differences that cause dense water to sink; describe how the…
Ages 11 to 12ConceptScience // Ocean Life
Deep-Sea Life Without SunlightContrast photosynthesis (energy from sunlight) with chemosynthesis (energy from oxidising chemicals like hydrogen sulphide); describe hydrothermal vent…
Ages 11 to 13ConceptScience // Ocean Life
Coral Bleaching & AcidificationExplain the mutualistic symbiosis between coral polyps and photosynthetic zooxanthellae; describe how heat stress causes bleaching (corals expel zooxanthellae…
Ages 12 to 13ConceptScience // Ocean Life
Predator Loss and Ecosystem EffectsQuantify energy transfer efficiency through trophic levels (~10% rule); explain trophic cascades: how removing an apex predator triggers a chain of ecosystem…
Ages 12 to 14ConceptScience // Ocean Life
Deep-Ocean Exploration TechnologyExplain how crewed submersibles (Alvin, Deepsea Challenger) and remotely operated vehicles (ROVs) allow exploration of the deep; describe acoustic seafloor…
Ages 13 to 14ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
Cells Under the MicroscopeUnderstand that all living organisms are made of cells and use a light microscope to observe, interpret, and record cell structure
Ages 11 to 12ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
Parts of Plant and Animal CellsDescribe the functions of the main components of plant and animal cells: cell wall, cell membrane, cytoplasm, nucleus, vacuole, mitochondria, ribosomes, and…
Ages 11 to 12ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
PhotosynthesisExplain photosynthesis as the process by which plants use light energy to convert carbon dioxide and water into glucose and oxygen, and describe how mineral…
Ages 11 to 12ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
Plant Cells vs Animal CellsCompare plant and animal cells, identifying shared features and structures unique to plant cells (cell wall, vacuole, chloroplasts)
Ages 11 to 12ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
Cells to Organ SystemsDescribe the hierarchical organisation of multicellular organisms: cells → tissues → organs → organ systems → organism
Ages 11 to 12ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
Digestion & EnzymesDescribe the organs of the human digestive system and how food is physically and chemically digested, including the role of enzymes as biological catalysts
Ages 11 to 13ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
Joints, Tendons & LigamentsExplain biomechanics — the interaction between skeleton and muscles at joints, including the roles of tendons (attach muscle to bone) and ligaments (attach bone…
Ages 11 to 13ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
Muscles Work in PairsExplain that muscles work in antagonistic pairs — one contracts while the other relaxes — to produce movement, using the bicep and tricep as a key example
Ages 11 to 13ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
Nutrients in a Healthy DietIdentify the seven components of a healthy diet — carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, vitamins, minerals, dietary fibre, and water — and explain the role of each…
Ages 11 to 13ConceptScience // Organisms & Life Processes
The Human SkeletonDescribe the structure and four main functions of the human skeleton: support, protection, movement, and production of blood cells in bone marrow
Ages 11 to 13Concept