All topics

Science // The Human Body

Describe the circulatory system in detail: the heart has four chambers (two atria, two ventricles) that pump blood in a double loop — one to the lungs for…

Science // The Human Body

Understand how the circulatory and respiratory systems work together: the lungs oxygenate the blood, the heart pumps it around the body, cells use the oxygen…

Science // The Human Body

Understand that the nervous system has two parts — the central nervous system (brain and spinal cord) and nerves that branch throughout the body — and that…

Science // The Human Body

Explain how the respiratory system works in detail: air travels through the nose/mouth, down the trachea, into bronchi and bronchioles, reaching tiny air sacs…

Science // The Human Body

Know that the body has an immune system that protects against illness: the skin acts as a barrier, white blood cells identify and destroy germs (bacteria and…

Science // The Human Body

Explain how neurons transmit signals as electrochemical impulses across synapses, describe how the brain is organised (lobes and functions, limbic system for…

Science // The Human Body

Distinguish innate (non-specific, immediate) from adaptive (specific, memory-forming) immunity; explain how B cells produce antibodies that recognise specific…

Science // Volcanoes & Earthquakes

Know that buildings can be designed to resist earthquakes, tsunami warning systems alert coastal communities, and communities prepare through evacuation plans…

Science // Volcanoes & Earthquakes

Explain how plate boundaries cause earthquakes and volcanoes: plates pushing together, pulling apart, or sliding past each other create the forces that trigger…

Science // Volcanoes & Earthquakes

Understand that Earth's crust is broken into large pieces called tectonic plates that float on hotter, softer rock beneath and move very slowly — a few…

Science // Volcanoes & Earthquakes

Know about famous eruptions and their global effects: Mount St Helens (1980), Eyjafjallajökull (2010), and how large eruptions can affect weather and climate…

Science // Volcanoes & Earthquakes

Understand that not all volcanic eruptions are the same: some flow gently (effusive) and some explode violently (explosive), depending on the properties of the…

Science // Volcanoes & Earthquakes

Generate and compare multiple solutions to reduce the impacts of natural Earth processes on humans, such as earthquakes, floods, or volcanic eruptions

Science // Volcanoes & Earthquakes

Understand how volcanologists monitor volcanoes by looking for warning signs — gas emissions, ground swelling, small earthquakes — and that prediction involves…

Science // Volcanoes & Earthquakes

Know that scientists measure earthquakes using seismometers, that earthquakes release energy that travels as waves through the ground, and that a magnitude…

Science // Volcanoes & Earthquakes

Understand the rock cycle: rocks slowly change from one type to another over millions of years — igneous rock weathers into sediment, sediment becomes…

Science // Volcanoes & Earthquakes

Understand that convection currents in the molten mantle drive the movement of rigid tectonic plates; distinguish between convergent (collision/subduction)…

Science // Volcanoes & Earthquakes

Distinguish between P-waves (compression, travel through solids and liquids) and S-waves (shear, cannot pass through liquids); explain why a seismic shadow zone…

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Develop a model to describe that light reflecting from objects and entering the eye allows objects to be seen

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Develop a model of waves to describe patterns in terms of amplitude and wavelength, and understand that waves can cause objects to move

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Use technical vocabulary for wave behaviour — refraction, absorption, reflection, scattering, amplitude, frequency, wavelength, echo, spectrum, angle of…

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Generate and compare multiple solutions that use patterns to transfer information, such as codes and signals

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

Recognise that light appears to travel in straight lines and use this to explain how we see objects and why shadows have the same shape as the objects that cast…

Science // Waves, Light & Sound

State the law of reflection (angle of incidence = angle of reflection) and explain refraction as the change in speed and direction when light crosses a boundary…