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Mathematics // Mathematical Thinking
Constructing mathematical argumentsConstruct and present logical mathematical arguments involving multiple steps and formal reasoning; critique others' reasoning about fractions, algebra, ratio…
Ages 10 to 11Thinking skillMathematics // Mathematical Thinking
Choosing Maths ToolsSelect and use tools and representations strategically: choose between mental methods, formal written methods, algebraic approaches, coordinate grids, and…
Ages 10 to 11Thinking skillMathematics // Mathematical Thinking
Order of operations (age 10+)Look for and use mathematical structure: exploit the hierarchy of 2-D shapes to deduce properties; use order of operations and algebraic structure to simplify…
Ages 10 to 11Thinking skillMathematics // Mathematical Thinking
Generalising with repeated reasoningRecognise and use repeated reasoning to generalise: describe algebraic rules for nth terms, use properties of operations to simplify, and verify generalisations…
Ages 10 to 11Thinking skillMathematics // Multiplication & Division
Estimation to check answers to calculationsUse estimation to check answers to calculations and determine, in the context of a problem, an appropriate degree of accuracy
Ages 10 to 11Thinking skillMathematics // Number Representation & Place Value
Place value understanding and number factsUse place value understanding and number facts to solve problems
Ages 6 to 7Thinking skillMathematics // Number Representation & Place Value
Place Value to 1000Solve number problems and practical problems involving place value of numbers up to 1000
Ages 7 to 8Thinking skillMathematics // Number Representation & Place Value
Place Value Problem-SolvingSolve number and practical problems involving place value with increasingly large positive numbers
Ages 8 to 9Thinking skillEnglish // English Thinking
Reading for MeaningUnderstand that reading is about making meaning, not just saying words correctly — a text that can be decoded but not understood has not been read
Ages 5 to 6Thinking skillEnglish // English Thinking
Monitoring ComprehensionNotice the difference between decoding words and actually understanding them — recognise when you've read the words but not grasped the meaning, and do…
Ages 6 to 8Thinking skillEnglish // English Thinking
Inference vs Explicit MeaningDistinguish between what a text explicitly says and what you have inferred, assumed, or read in — knowing which is which is fundamental to honest comprehension
Ages 7 to 9Thinking skillEnglish // English Thinking
Author's word choicesRecognise how an author's deliberate choices — of words, structure, tone, and perspective — create particular effects on you as a reader
Ages 7 to 9Thinking skillEnglish // English Thinking
Reviewing Own WritingEvaluate whether your own writing achieves the effect you intended on a reader — go beyond checking for correctness to asking whether it actually works
Ages 8 to 10Thinking skillEnglish // English Thinking
Knowing What You Don't KnowMonitor your own vocabulary gaps — notice words you half-know, distinguish confident from uncertain knowledge, and develop strategies to resolve the uncertainty
Ages 8 to 10Thinking skillEnglish // English Thinking
Reflecting on Your Language UseReflect on yourself as a language user — how your reading, writing, and speaking shift across audiences, purposes, and contexts, and where you want to develop…
Ages 10 to 11Thinking skillEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Predicting what happens nextPredict what might happen next in a story based on what has been read so far; discuss the significance of titles and events
Ages 4 to 10Thinking skillEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Self-Correcting While ReadingCheck that text makes sense while reading and self-correct inaccurate reading by re-reading or using context
Ages 5 to 11Thinking skillEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Comparing Characters Across StoriesCompare and contrast the adventures and experiences of characters in familiar stories; identify similarities and differences between two texts on the same topic
Ages 5 to 9Thinking skillEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Connecting reading to experienceLink what is read or heard to own experiences; draw on background knowledge and vocabulary to support understanding of texts
Ages 5 to 7Thinking skillEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Discussing Texts as a GroupParticipate in discussions about what is read, taking turns and listening to others; explain understanding clearly; actively engage in group reading activities
Ages 5 to 10Thinking skillEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Recommending BooksRecommend books to peers, giving reasons for choices based on knowledge of a wide range of genres, authors, and themes, and making comparisons within and across…
Ages 9 to 10Thinking skillEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Wide Independent Reading Across GenresRead widely and independently across fiction and non-fiction — including whole novels, short stories, plays, poetry, and non-fiction from different genres…
Ages 11 to 14Thinking skillEnglish // Speaking & Listening
Exploring Ideas Through TalkUse spoken language to develop understanding through speculating, hypothesising, imagining, and exploring ideas; use strategies to build vocabulary through talk
Ages 4 to 6Thinking skillEnglish // Speaking & Listening
Engaging Listeners and Valuing ViewpointsGain, maintain and monitor the interest of listeners when speaking; consider and evaluate different viewpoints, attending to and building on others'…
Ages 7 to 8Thinking skill