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English // Reading Comprehension
Fact vs opinionDistinguish between statements of fact and statements of opinion in texts, recognising how authors blend factual information with subjective viewpoints
Ages 10 to 11ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Multiple Accounts of EventsAnalyse multiple accounts of the same event or topic, noting important similarities and differences in the point of view they represent
Ages 10 to 11ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Supporting ideas with evidenceExplain how an author uses reasons and evidence to support particular points in a text, identifying which reasons and evidence support which specific points
Ages 10 to 11ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Evaluating Arguments in Non-FictionEvaluate arguments and claims in non-fiction texts — assess whether reasoning is sound, evidence is relevant and sufficient, distinguish between fact and…
Ages 11 to 14ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Figurative Language and Literary DevicesDetermine the meaning of figurative and connotative language in context, analyse the impact of specific word choices on meaning and tone, and identify literary…
Ages 11 to 14ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Poetic forms and conventionsRecognise and understand poetic conventions — including form (sonnet, ballad, free verse), metre, rhyme scheme, stanza structure, imagery, and sound devices…
Ages 11 to 14ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Narrative Perspective and Unreliable NarratorsAnalyse point of view and narrative perspective — including first person, third person limited and omniscient, and unreliable narrator — and how the author's or…
Ages 11 to 14ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Plot Structure and Character DevelopmentAnalyse how plot structure unfolds through episodes or key events, and how characters develop, respond to challenges, and change over the course of a narrative…
Ages 11 to 14ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Understanding drama and performanceUnderstand how dramatists communicate meaning through performance — including staging, direction, set design, lighting, and actors' choices — and how different…
Ages 11 to 14ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Critical comparison across textsMake critical comparisons across texts — comparing themes, characters, settings, styles, or arguments in two or more works, including texts from different…
Ages 11 to 14ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Tracing Theme Across a TextDetermine and analyse the theme or central idea of a text, trace how it develops across the text through key details and events, and provide an objective…
Ages 11 to 14ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Purpose, audience, and contextIdentify the purpose, audience, and context of a text and use this knowledge to support comprehension — recognising how writing aimed at different audiences…
Ages 11 to 14ConceptEnglish // Reading Comprehension
Analysing Text StructureAnalyse how a text's structure — including its overall organisation, use of chapters, stanzas, scenes, paragraphs, or sections — contributes to its meaning…
Ages 11 to 14ConceptEnglish // Vocabulary
Sorting & Categorising WordsSort common objects and words into categories to understand how concepts relate; demonstrate understanding of opposites (antonyms) for common verbs and…
Ages 5 to 8ConceptEnglish // Vocabulary
Word Parts as CluesUse knowledge of common inflections and affixes (-ed, -s, un-, -er) as clues to the meaning of unknown words; understand how the prefix un- changes meaning
Ages 5 to 8ConceptEnglish // Vocabulary
Defining WordsDefine words by category and by one or more key attributes (e.g., 'a duck is a bird that swims'), making real-life connections between words and their use
Ages 6 to 9ConceptEnglish // Vocabulary
Root Words & InflectionsIdentify frequently occurring root words and their inflectional forms (e.g., look/looks/looked/looking), using affixes as clues to word meaning and…
Ages 6 to 9ConceptEnglish // Vocabulary
Word Families and Root WordsExplore word families based on common root words, understanding how words are related in form and meaning through shared roots, prefixes and suffixes (e.g…
Ages 7 to 9ConceptEnglish // Vocabulary
Literal vs Figurative LanguageDistinguish literal from nonliteral (figurative) language in context and interpret common idioms and phrases
Ages 8 to 9ConceptEnglish // Vocabulary
Greek and Latin Roots for Word MeaningUse knowledge of Greek and Latin affixes (prefixes and suffixes) and roots as clues to determine the meaning of unfamiliar words, building a bank of common…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptEnglish // Vocabulary
Similes & MetaphorsUnderstand and identify similes (comparisons using like or as) and metaphors (direct comparisons stating something is something else) in texts, explaining how…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptEnglish // Vocabulary
Antonyms & SynonymsDemonstrate understanding of words by relating them to their antonyms (opposites) and synonyms (words with similar meanings), using synonym and antonym…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptEnglish // Vocabulary
Idioms & ProverbsRecognise and interpret common idioms (break the ice, hit the nail on the head), adages (actions speak louder than words), and proverbs (a stitch in time saves…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptEnglish // Vocabulary
Dialects & RegistersCompare and contrast the varieties of English used in stories, dramas, or poems, including dialects and registers, understanding how language varies by region…
Ages 10 to 11Concept