All topics

Science // Rainforests

Understand the causes and scale of rainforest deforestation — cattle ranching (largest driver in the Amazon), soy and palm oil plantations, logging for timber…

Science // Rainforests

Know the main approaches to rainforest conservation — protected areas and national parks, reforestation and rewilding programmes, sustainable certification…

Science // Rainforests

Understand how rainforest products connect to everyday life through global supply chains — palm oil is in snacks, soap, and cosmetics; soy feeds livestock…

Science // Rainforests

Know that not all rainforests are tropical — temperate rainforests exist in cooler, wet regions like the Pacific Northwest of North America, western Scotland…

Science // Rainforests

Understand that rainforests are biodiversity hotspots — covering just 6% of Earth's land surface but containing over 50% of all known plant and animal species…

Science // Rainforests

Understand the paradox of nutrient cycling in rainforests — despite lush growth, rainforest soil is typically thin and nutrient-poor because most nutrients are…

Science // Scientific Inquiry

Distinguish between precision (consistency of repeated readings) and accuracy (closeness to true value), use significant figures and standard form correctly…

Science // Space Exploration

Identify the Sun, Moon, and stars as objects in the sky and describe basic differences: the Sun gives light and heat during the day, stars are tiny points of…

Science // Space Exploration

Know that there are other planets besides Earth and that our group of planets orbiting the Sun is called the solar system — and that space is the vast area…

Science // Space Exploration

Know that astronauts are people who travel to space in rockets, that humans have walked on the Moon (Apollo missions), and that astronauts today live and work…

Science // Space Exploration

Observe and describe the Moon's changing shape over about a month, recognising that it goes through a repeating cycle of phases from new moon (invisible) to…

Science // Space Exploration

Recognise a few star patterns (constellations) in the night sky, starting with the Big Dipper (the Plough), and understand that the North Star (Polaris) can be…

Science // Space Exploration

Know that the Sun is a star — the closest star to Earth — and that it is at the centre of our solar system, with all eight planets orbiting around it

Science // Space Exploration

Understand that Earth moves in two ways: it rotates (spins) on its axis once every 24 hours causing day and night, and it orbits (travels around) the Sun once…

Science // Space Exploration

Name the eight planets in order from the Sun (Mercury, Venus, Earth, Mars, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune), know that Pluto is a dwarf planet, and distinguish…

Science // Space Exploration

Describe how robots and rovers have explored places humans cannot easily go — Mars rovers like Curiosity and Perseverance drive across Mars taking photos…

Science // Space Exploration

Describe a key feature of each planet: Mercury is smallest and closest, Venus is the hottest, Mars is red with rust, Jupiter is the largest with a Great Red…

Science // Space Exploration

Know that the Moon orbits Earth approximately once a month, that it does not make its own light but reflects sunlight, and that its changing appearance (phases)…

Science // Space Exploration

Identify other objects in the solar system beyond planets: asteroids (rocky bodies mostly between Mars and Jupiter), comets (icy bodies with tails when near the…

Science // Space Exploration

Know that telescopes are instruments that help us see distant objects in space, and that space telescopes like Hubble and James Webb orbit above Earth’s…

Science // Space Exploration

Explain why the Sun appears much brighter than other stars: it is the nearest star to Earth, not the biggest or brightest star in the universe — understanding…

Science // Space Exploration

Understand gravity as a force that pulls objects towards the centre of the Earth, that 'down' means towards Earth’s centre regardless of where you stand on the…

Science // Space Exploration

Describe key milestones in human space exploration: the Space Race (Sputnik, Yuri Gagarin, Apollo 11 Moon landing), the Space Shuttle era, the International…

Science // Space Exploration

Recognise named constellations visible in different seasons and understand why we see different constellations at different times of year — because Earth’s…