All topics

Science // Animals of the World

Understand that biodiversity — the variety of different species in an ecosystem — is essential for healthy ecosystems, and that keystone species (like wolves in…

Science // Animals of the World

Know how people work to protect endangered animals — through national parks and marine reserves, captive breeding programmes (like those that saved the…

Science // Animals of the World

Understand why some animal species become endangered or go extinct — habitat destruction, hunting/poaching, pollution, climate change, and invasive species…

Science // Animals of the World

Understand that invasive species are animals (or plants) that have been introduced to a place where they don't naturally belong — like grey squirrels…

Science // Animals of the World

Understand that animals have structural adaptations (body features like the giraffe's long neck, eagle's talons, dolphin's streamlined shape), behavioural…

Science // Animals of the World

Understand symbiosis — close relationships between different species — including mutualism (both benefit, like clownfish and anemones), commensalism (one…

Science // Animals of the World

Explore animal intelligence and complex behaviour — chimpanzees and crows use tools, dolphins recognise themselves in mirrors, octopuses solve puzzles and…

Science // Animals of the World

Introduce the Red Queen hypothesis — species must keep evolving just to maintain fitness relative to co-evolving partners; describe predator-prey arms races…

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Analyse and interpret data from fossils to provide evidence of organisms and environments that existed long ago

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Evaluate competing scientific explanations about dinosaurs by weighing fossil evidence — understanding that scientific knowledge changes as new fossils are…

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Read and create simple cladograms (branching diagrams) that show how groups of dinosaurs are related based on shared features, understanding that species…

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Understand that modern birds evolved from a group of small feathered theropod dinosaurs, using evidence such as the fossil Archaeopteryx, feathered dinosaur…

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Understand that palaeoart — scientific illustrations and models of dinosaurs — is based on fossil evidence but involves informed speculation about skin colour…

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Understand that rock layers (strata) form in sequence with the oldest at the bottom and the youngest at the top, and that fossils found in deeper layers are…

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Describe how palaeontologists work in the field and lab: prospecting for exposed fossils, careful excavation with hand tools, plaster jacketing for transport…

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Classify dinosaurs into the two major groups based on hip structure: Saurischia (lizard-hipped, including theropods and sauropods) and Ornithischia…

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Describe the Cretaceous–Palaeogene (K-Pg) extinction event approximately 66 million years ago, including the asteroid impact theory and its evidence (iridium…

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Recognise that living things have changed over time and that fossils provide information about organisms that inhabited the Earth millions of years ago

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Trace the evidence for the dinosaur-to-bird transition in depth: feathered theropods from the Liaoning Formation (China), the mix of dinosaur and bird features…

Science // Dinosaurs & Paleontology

Explain how radiometric dating works — radioactive isotopes decay at a known rate (half-life), so measuring the ratio of parent to daughter isotope in a rock or…

Science // Earth's Systems

Analyse and interpret data from maps to describe patterns of Earth's features, recognising that many features result from processes that occur over long periods

Science // Earth's Systems

Make observations and measurements to provide evidence of the effects of weathering or the rate of erosion by water, ice, wind, or vegetation

Science // Earth's Systems

Use vocabulary for Earth's geological processes and rock types — igneous, sedimentary, metamorphic, erosion, weathering, deposition, fossil, sediment, strata…

Science // Earth's Systems

Develop a model to describe ways the geosphere, biosphere, hydrosphere, and atmosphere interact as connected Earth systems