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Science // Scientific Inquiry
Evidence Supporting IdeasIdentify scientific evidence that has been used to support or refute ideas or arguments, evaluating the strength of evidence
Ages 9 to 11Thinking skillScience // Scientific Inquiry
Drawing conclusions from evidence (age 9+)Report and present findings including conclusions, causal relationships, explanations, and a degree of trust in results using oral and written forms
Ages 9 to 11Thinking skillScience // Scientific Inquiry
Controlling variablesPlan different types of scientific enquiries to answer questions, recognising and controlling variables where necessary
Ages 9 to 11Thinking skillScience // Scientific Inquiry
Fair testing (age 9+)Use test results to make predictions and set up further comparative and fair tests to investigate new questions
Ages 9 to 11Thinking skillScience // Scientific Inquiry
Science Can Be RevisedScientific knowledge is provisional — it is the best current explanation based on available evidence, and it can and should be revised when better evidence…
Ages 9 to 11Thinking skillScience // Scientific Inquiry
Recording data and resultsRecord data and results of increasing complexity using scientific diagrams, classification keys, tables, scatter graphs, bar and line graphs
Ages 9 to 11MethodScience // Scientific Inquiry
Accurate MeasurementTake measurements with increasing accuracy and precision using a range of scientific equipment, taking repeat readings when appropriate
Ages 9 to 11MethodScience // Scientific Inquiry
Controlling variables (age 11+)Form a testable scientific hypothesis linking an independent variable to a predicted outcome, plan a full investigation identifying independent, dependent, and…
Ages 11 to 12Thinking skillScience // Scientific Inquiry
Repeated tests for reliabilityDistinguish between precision (consistency of repeated readings) and accuracy (closeness to true value), use significant figures and standard form correctly…
Ages 11 to 12ConceptScience // Space Exploration
Why the Sun Looks BrightestExplain why the Sun appears much brighter than other stars: it is the nearest star to Earth, not the biggest or brightest star in the universe — understanding…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Space Exploration
Gravity Pulls Things DownUnderstand gravity as a force that pulls objects towards the centre of the Earth, that 'down' means towards Earth’s centre regardless of where you stand on the…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Space Exploration
Space Exploration MilestonesDescribe key milestones in human space exploration: the Space Race (Sputnik, Yuri Gagarin, Apollo 11 Moon landing), the Space Shuttle era, the International…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Space Exploration
Seasonal ConstellationsRecognise named constellations visible in different seasons and understand why we see different constellations at different times of year — because Earth’s…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Space Exploration
Changing Ideas About SpaceUnderstand that ideas about the solar system changed over time: ancient people believed Earth was at the centre (geocentric model, Ptolemy), until Copernicus…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Space Exploration
The Vast Scale of SpaceDescribe the scale of the universe in nested layers: Earth is one planet in our solar system, the Sun is one star among billions in the Milky Way galaxy, and…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Space Exploration
Life Cycle of StarsUnderstand the basics of a star’s life cycle: stars are born in clouds of gas and dust (nebulae), shine for millions or billions of years by fusing hydrogen…
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Space Exploration
Scale of the Solar SystemUse scale models, diagrams, or calculations to represent the relative sizes and distances of objects in the solar system, understanding that the distances…
Ages 9 to 11MethodScience // Space Exploration
Finding ExoplanetsDescribe how astronomers detect planets around other stars using transit photometry (dip in starlight as a planet crosses) and radial velocity (Doppler wobble…
Ages 11 to 13ConceptScience // Space Exploration
Observing with Light WavesExplain how the electromagnetic spectrum is the primary tool of modern astronomy — different wavelengths (radio, infrared, visible, ultraviolet, X-ray…
Ages 11 to 13ConceptScience // Space Systems & Earth's History
Earth & Space VocabularyUse technical vocabulary for Earth's motion and the wider universe — rotation, revolution, axis, tilt, orbit, light year, gravitational force, atmosphere, lunar…
Ages 8 to 11LanguageScience // Space Systems & Earth's History
The solar systemDescribe the sun, Earth, and moon as approximately spherical bodies, and describe the movement of the Earth and other planets orbiting the sun in the solar…
Ages 9 to 10ConceptScience // Space Systems & Earth's History
How fossils formIdentify evidence from patterns in rock formations and fossils in rock layers to support an explanation for changes in a landscape over time
Ages 9 to 10ConceptScience // Space Systems & Earth's History
Earth's rotation and day/nightUse the idea of the Earth's rotation to explain day and night and the apparent movement of the sun across the sky
Ages 9 to 11ConceptScience // Space Systems & Earth's History
ShadowsRepresent data in graphical displays to reveal patterns of daily changes in shadow length and direction, day and night cycles, and seasonal star patterns
Ages 10 to 11Method