All topics

Science // Organisms & Life Processes

Explain the health consequences of an imbalanced diet including obesity (excess energy), starvation (severe energy deficit), and deficiency diseases (lack of…

Science // Organisms & Life Processes

Explain how unicellular organisms such as bacteria and Amoeba carry out all the functions of life within a single cell

Science // Organisms & Life Processes

Use a light microscope correctly to prepare, focus, and examine biological specimens, including making accurate labelled drawings at an appropriate…

Science // Polar Regions

Understand the conservation challenges facing polar regions — marine protected areas in the Southern Ocean aim to preserve Antarctic ecosystems, Arctic nations…

Science // Polar Regions

Understand how climate change is affecting polar regions — Arctic sea ice is shrinking dramatically (losing about 13% per decade since 1979), the Greenland and…

Science // Polar Regions

Understand the cryosphere and its role in Earth's water system — the cryosphere is all frozen water on Earth (ice sheets, glaciers, sea ice, permafrost, snow…

Science // Polar Regions

Understand how polar oceans connect to the global climate system — cold, dense polar water sinks and drives thermohaline circulation (a global conveyor belt of…

Science // Polar Regions

Understand that polar regions belong to the polar climate zone — one of Earth's five main climate zones (tropical, arid, temperate, continental, polar)…

Science // Polar Regions

Know that Antarctica is governed by the Antarctic Treaty (signed 1959, in force since 1961) — which sets Antarctica aside for peaceful purposes and scientific…

Science // Polar Regions

Compare Arctic and Antarctic ecosystems — the Arctic has both terrestrial (tundra) and marine ecosystems supporting large land mammals and indigenous human…

Science // Polar Regions

Compare historical polar exploration with modern polar science — the Heroic Age (1897–1922) relied on ships, dogs, and human endurance with many fatalities…

Science // Polar Regions

Understand how glaciers and ice sheets form and behave — snow accumulates over centuries and compresses into dense ice, glaciers flow slowly downhill under…

Science // Rainforests

Understand that the future of rainforests depends on balancing competing needs — economic development for local communities, indigenous peoples' rights to their…

Science // Rainforests

Understand the connection between rainforests and global climate — rainforests absorb carbon dioxide and release oxygen through photosynthesis, store enormous…

Science // Rainforests

Understand the causes and scale of rainforest deforestation — cattle ranching (largest driver in the Amazon), soy and palm oil plantations, logging for timber…

Science // Rainforests

Know the main approaches to rainforest conservation — protected areas and national parks, reforestation and rewilding programmes, sustainable certification…

Science // Rainforests

Understand how rainforest products connect to everyday life through global supply chains — palm oil is in snacks, soap, and cosmetics; soy feeds livestock…

Science // Rainforests

Know that not all rainforests are tropical — temperate rainforests exist in cooler, wet regions like the Pacific Northwest of North America, western Scotland…

Science // Rainforests

Understand that rainforests are biodiversity hotspots — covering just 6% of Earth's land surface but containing over 50% of all known plant and animal species…

Science // Rainforests

Understand the paradox of nutrient cycling in rainforests — despite lush growth, rainforest soil is typically thin and nutrient-poor because most nutrients are…

Science // Scientific Inquiry

Two things happening together doesn't mean one caused the other — recognise the difference between correlation and causation before drawing conclusions

Science // Scientific Inquiry

Generate and compare multiple possible solutions to a problem based on how well each is likely to meet the criteria and constraints

Science // Scientific Inquiry

Plan and carry out fair tests in which variables are controlled and failure points are considered to identify aspects of a model or prototype that can be…

Science // Scientific Inquiry

Define a simple design problem reflecting a need or want that includes specified criteria for success and constraints on materials, time, or cost